November Blockchain Technology Update: Bitcoin Core's First Public Audit, Ethereum Fusaka Ready for Mainnet, Solana Proposes Faster Inflation Cut

Dec 03, 2025

Written by | GaryMa, Wu Blockchain

The WuBlockchain summarizes key developments in the blockchain technology space for November:

Bitcoin

● Security firm Quarkslab, funded by Brink and coordinated by OSTIF, completed the first public third-party security audit in Bitcoin Core’s history.The team invested 100 person-days, focusing on core modules such as the P2P network, mempool, chain management, and consensus.The audit found no high-risk or medium-risk vulnerabilities, identifying only 2 low-risk issues and 13 improvement suggestions.This audit is regarded as a key milestone marking Bitcoin Core’s transition into an era of mature and securely governed development.

Ethereum

● Fusaka upgrade progress: testnet upgrades have been completed successfully, and the mainnet upgrade is scheduled for 2025–12–03 21:49 UTC.

● Glamsterdam upgrade preparations:

○ EIP-7732 / ePBS confirmed as the core consensus-layer proposal; EIP-7928 / Block-Level Access Lists confirmed as the core execution-layer proposal.

○ FOCIL (anti-censorship transaction list): likely postponed to the following Heka/Bogotá upgrade but requires a credible commitment.

● Vitalik Buterin introduced the Ethereum privacy framework Kohaku at Devcon.This open-source project, driven by the Ethereum Foundation, aims to provide the ecosystem with modular on-chain privacy and security components.It currently includes foundational modules compatible with Railgun, Privacy Pools, etc., enabling developers to offer wallets on Ethereum with opt-in default privacy modes, and explores potential features such as mixnets and ZK browsers.

● Ethereum’s account abstraction and chain abstraction teams proposed the concept of an Ethereum Interoperability Layer (EIL), intended to make multiple L2 rollups feel like a single Ethereum chain.Built on ERC-4337 account abstraction, EIL allows users to initiate and settle cross-L2 actions directly within their wallets, without bridges, relayers, or other intermediaries.The team states that EIL will improve compatibility for multi-chain wallets and dApps, accelerate the adoption of new rollups, and preserve Ethereum’s trust-minimized model.

● Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin tweeted that next year Ethereum may shift from “broad scaling” to “targeted optimization,” outlining one possible path: increase the gas limit by 5×, while simultaneously increasing gas costs by 5× for operations that are computationally expensive on-chain This aims to increase overall throughput while preventing heavy operations from imposing excessive burdens on nodes.

● On November 25, Ethereum’s Gas Limit was adjusted from 45M to 60M. Gas limit changes require approval from more than half of validators; once over 50% support is reached, the gas limit adjusts automatically without a hard fork. @nake13 notes that developers are now able to aggressively pursue L1 scaling due to three innovations working together:

1. EIP-7623 constrains block size to maintain safety margins

2. client optimizations supporting high gas demand

3. testnet verification showing no issues in propagation

Future scaling still requires optimizing high-load cryptographic operations, controlling state bloat, and improving network propagation.

Ethereum L2s

● ZKsync announced the Atlas upgrade, transforming Ethereum into its real-time capital hub.The upgrade brings 15,000+ TPS, 1-second ZK finality, and near-zero fees, along with real-time liquidity interoperability between L1 and L2.Atlas allows ZKsync-based chains to directly access Ethereum liquidity without building separate liquidity pools, fundamentally reshaping the L1/L2 capital structure and making Ethereum an institutional-grade real-time settlement center.Vitalik commented that ZKsync has performed “underrated but extremely valuable work” for the ecosystem.

● zkSync Airbender prover now enables generating full L1 block proofs using only two RTX 5090 GPUs, signaling that L1 gas limits can be significantly increased and L2 fees will approach zero.Vitalik praised it as a “huge milestone” but noted that similar systems typically have a ~60× gap between average and worst-case performance.He suggests Gas Repricing to drastically increase costs for operations like RSA, instead of hardware arms races, ensuring that even under high gas limits, ordinary blocks remain easy to prove — supporting safer and fairer scaling.

● StarkWare announced its new proving system S-two, now used to verify every Starknet block.S-two supports decentralized proving, client-side proving, and large-scale privacy, with proving no longer being a bottleneck.

Solana

● The Solana community proposed SIMD-0411, recommending doubling the inflation decrement rate from −15% to −30%.This simple parameter change would accelerate inflation reduction from the current 4.18% to the 1.5% long-term target, moving the timeline from early 2032 to early 2029.The reduction would take ~3.1 years instead of 6.2 years, cutting 22.3 million SOL of issuance (≈ $2.9B) over six years, easing staking yield pressure and increasing SOL’s holding efficiency.The proposal is simple and predictable and has entered governance discussion.

BNB Chain

● The BNB Chain development team announced that the Fermi Hardfork has been officially released.The upgrade shortens block intervals from 750 ms to 450 ms, significantly improving transaction efficiency, network throughput, and overall performance.Testnet upgrades will begin on 2025–11–10 02:25 UTC, and the mainnet activation time will be announced after stress testing.

● The BNB Chain developer team issued a notice stating that the current BNB Chain multisig wallet service will be discontinued.Users are advised to migrate assets to Safe Global as soon as possible to ensure security.

Avalanche

● Released the Granite upgrade, targeting 2-second settlement.Granite includes three core updates:

1. dynamically adjusting transaction processing speed to handle on-chain traffic fluctuation

2. reducing cross-chain transaction cost

3. introducing biometric signatures (fingerprint, facial verification, etc.)

Security

● Cybersecurity company Socket reported that a malicious Chrome extension called Crypto Copilot allows users to trade Solana directly on X, but secretly adds instructions to siphon at least 0.0013 SOL or 0.05% of each swap to an attacker wallet.The extension executes swaps via Raydium, attaching hidden transfer commands that wallets do not display.Live since June 2024, the extension had only about 15 users. A removal request has been submitted to the Chrome Web Store.

● Cardano experienced a temporary chain split on Friday due to an old-code vulnerability triggered by a malformed ADA delegation transaction.Although valid at the protocol layer, the transaction triggered a known bug in the underlying software library, causing network partitioning.Intersect stated that stake pool operators were instructed to update nodes to re-merge the chain history.Founder Charles Hoskinson said the FBI has become involved in the investigation.Community responses were mixed, with some joking that almost nobody noticed the split “because no one uses it.”

Other

● Succinct announced that its next-generation zkVM SP1 Hypercube has achieved household-grade real-time proving.Using only 16× RTX 5090 GPUs and CAPEX under $100k, it can prove ~99.7% of Ethereum blocks in real time.The system optimizes the arithmetization layer, removes reliance on “proximity gap” assumptions, and — funded by the Ethereum Foundation — completed the first formal verification of instruction constraints in collaboration with NethermindSec.

● Circle released the xReserve infrastructure, allowing blockchain projects to issue stablecoins backed by USDC and interoperable with USDC at 1:1.The system uses smart contracts to hold USDC reserves and relies on xReserve certification for cross-chain deposits, burns, and mints, reducing dependence on third-party bridges.

Canton and Stacks will be the first to integrate xReserve and launch their USDC-backed stablecoins.

● Brevis released the ProverNet whitepaper, proposing a decentralized ZK-proof generation marketplace based on the TODA (True On-chain Double Auction) mechanism.It matches diverse computation tasks with specialized proving hardware. Built on experience integrating with PancakeSwap, Uniswap, Euler, Linea, and MetaMask, ProverNet aims to enhance ZK proving performance and efficiency across various computational settings.The marketplace runs on Brevis Chain and will launch soon.

● ENS announced that Namechain will migrate to Nethermind’s Surge, a based-rollup framework built on the Taiko tech stack.The team states that Ethereum-native settlement and sequencing offer better guarantees for Namechain’s needs in fast finality, censorship resistance, and decentralization.

● Zcash (ZEC) creator Electric Coin Co. (ECC) released its Q4 2025 roadmap, focusing on reducing technical debt, improving privacy and usability for the Zashi wallet, and ensuring stable development-fund management.

● The Berachain Foundation released a core update: the hardfork version has been distributed, and most validators have upgraded.The network is awaiting RPC updates from key infrastructure providers (e.g., liquidation oracles) before block production resumes.The foundation confirmed that the MEV bot operator holding BEX funds claims to be a white-hat and has agreed to return funds after chain recovery, sending them to the Berachain deployer address 0xD276…32A2.After the chain is back online, the team will publish strengthened security measures for BEX and core applications, along with future plans.

● Injective announced the launch of its native EVM mainnet on its Cosmos-based Layer 1 blockchain, bringing full compatibility with the Ethereum ecosystem.This is a major milestone in its MultiVM roadmap, aiming to build a unified multi-virtual-machine smart-contract environment.Future plans include supporting WebAssembly, EVM, and Solana VM, enabling shared liquidity, assets, state, and modules across the ecosystem.

Wu Blockchain

November Blockchain Technology Update: Bitcoin Core's First Public Audit, Ethereum Fusaka Ready for Mainnet, Solana Proposes Faster Inflation Cut

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